restless, rebellious .... This I ADHD?
Nante child when you are in the house so much noisy of the commonplace, and I thought, if you start a group living, somehow parents who child was still started to think and wonder degree that too ... of the house. Alternatively, since burn too rebellious a hand, which I might originally come even parents who believe that I wonder not it there is something sick ....
The author is a doctor who specializes in the field of developmental disabilities. Experience that has been involved in more than 10 years the children of medical care is also based, has put together the information for's parents that are concerned about ADHD.
ADHD to page TOP?
ADHD is true for a group called developmental disorder. Since things like personality, is born, and life its characteristics will continue to have. But, in fact, likely to improve symptoms compared with other developmental disabilities, but some people who are active in society.
is a type of developmental disorder
ADHD, first let's know about the developmental disorder in general. Because, ADHD is because a kind of developmental disorder. The developmental disorder is a disorder of the birth of brain function, is like a "personality of the brain." It is everyone is with a certain degree of characteristics, but when it comes to interfere with daily life out strongly characterized, will be the "disorder".
The developmental disorder, and autism spectrum disorders, now it is Asperger's syndrome, which has become not so much diagnosis, learning disorders, tic disorders, and developmental coordination disorder. Children who have only ADHD is said to be 3-7%. On the other hand, however, you may notice that many have merged with ADHD and other developmental disorders.
developmental disorder | know from the disease name | know the disease of the mind | mental health | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
failure of brain function (cognition)
also developmental disorder thing of any type , it is born. Genetic predisposition to many relationship, but "if there is this gene this disease!" Rather than a disease like that, it a variety of genes is involved in the complex. Also, rather than just say that to develop only in the gene, it is said also to be affected by a variety of environment at the time of pregnancy and childbirth.
For example, you have a child who was born with a low birth weight is said to be prone to ADHD, but sufficient verification is also said to still that it is insufficient in practice.
but developmental disorder is said to never heal in general, in the case of ADHD, certainly characteristic itself even continue to have up to adults, many also be Dari eased appears how the symptoms Yes you. The paper studied the long-term prognosis of the following ADHD, although the 2 / 3-4 / 3 symptoms persist until the adult, the higher the later 20s middle interfere with emotional and behavioral daily life problems missing, it has been with.
indeed, but I think that there are people who do not reach the point symptoms at all will not bother, but still you learn and how to control the symptoms, or it could have a great deal to be active in society . However, in the personal impression of the author, there are many that there are other developmental disorders behind of ADHD, I think there of correspondence. Is late and eventually come out some people with difficulties in social life.
Prognostic Factors for Behavioral Problems and Psychiatric Disorders in Children Born Very Preterm or Very Low Birth Weight:. A Systematic Review - PubMed - NCBI
Long-term prognosis in attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder -. PubMed - NCBI
attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder / attention deficit-hyperactivity
Japanese of ADHD translation will be revised in the Japanese translation version of the DSM-5, "attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder," or, became the "attention deficit-hyperactivity". But, because it is difficult to say, it is indeed easy to say is more of ADHD ne (laughs).
In addition, DSM-5 should be understood that the American Psychiatric Association has decided, is another one of the diagnostic criteria in addition to it, there is a diagnostic criteria WHO that ICD-10 is making. To ICD-10 is, in the "attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder" rather, it is written as "hyperactivity disorder". DSM-5 has just been revised in 2013, but it has been previously with the diagnostic criteria also be changed, because the ICD-10 also is currently in change work in the ICD-11, it might be fault name is changed.
Therefore, in this article, are summarized on the basis of the DSM-5. In other sites, also because those that are still using the still old diagnostic criteria, but please be careful.
DSM-5 name of a disease-term translation guidelines (first edition): Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology
type of ADHD
in ADHD There are several sub-types.
(1) inattentive type: conspicuous carelessness only
(2) hyperactivity-impulsive type: conspicuous only hyperactivity-impulsivity
(3) mixed type: inattention and hyperactivity - combines the impulse
in particular, rather than ADHD: (1), there is to say that ADD.
of ADHD symptoms and characteristics of the action?
, but the symptoms of ADHD are as listed in the diagnostic criteria, the DSM-5 there is a slight change to the previous one. On the other hand, elucidation of ADHD of brain function has also been willing to gradually, as the cause of the symptoms of ADHD, it is said that there are two types of neurological factors. If you need to know about both of the point of view, it will help to support of ADHD.
diagnostic criteria and symptoms of ADHD
can not concentrate (inadvertently)
until now, the symptoms of ADHD is, three of "negligence", "hyperactivity," "impulse" but it was divided into, in the DSM-5, have been combined into two of the "carelessness", "hyperactivity-impulsivity".
is with respect to the "carelessness" is as follows.
A1: Yes or more (five in the 17 years of age or older) or less of inattention symptoms six, it has been sustained for more than six months.
a. Can not delicate attention, it is easy to a careless mistake.
b. It is difficult to sustain attention.
c. Empty and attention is distracted, it does not seem to listen properly to talk.
d. Not follow the instructions, do not fulfill the issues such as homework.
e. It is not possible to organize the issues and activities.
f. I hate persist necessary challenges of mental effort.
g. It is easy to forget what you need to challenge and activities.
h. Tends to distraction by external stimuli.
i. It is easy to forget the day-to-day activities.
inattention symptoms, is what quite confusing to enter the school. However, if, for example, be in the reading aloud of the book, dopey or there is a practice swing, such as thinking of the other, that would moved centralized, such as in birds and little sounds that immediately pass out of the window , there is a possibility of inadvertent symptoms.
restless (hyperactivity, impulsivity)
symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity are as follows.
A2: Yes or more (five in the 17-year-old or more) six the following symptoms of hyperactivity / impulsivity, has been sustained for more than six months.
a. During the sitting, or squirm the hands and feet, the restless motion.
b. Seated to Away at the scene, which is expected.
c. Or climbing or running around in an inappropriate situation.
d. Not be able to spend a quiet playing Dari leisure.
e. To feel as motivated been driven by the impulse, I can not sit still.
f. Talk too much.
g. Question begins to answer inadvertently before the end.
h. Waiting is not good.
i. Or to interfere with other people, to or barge.
person here, compared to carelessness symptoms, just obvious symptoms to watch. Therefore, your child hyperactivity, impulse is strong, because they bother teacher of the hands of the most likely parents Mr. and nursery schools, kindergartens, schools, fast it is often also found. Types that exist only inadvertently reverse is less likely to be found in quite early.
In addition, inattention symptoms, both hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms, or growing anxiety, not only mental stress is applied when the symptoms get worse, you may come out to your child is not the ADHD . However, if it is not ADHD is, is characterized by that are not settled in there is no stress factor location.
In addition, the previous, developmental disorder that belongs to the "autism spectrum disorders" and (pervasive developmental disorder, Asperger's syndrome, autism, including a call it, such as high-functioning autism) exists , and ADHD was not supposed to be diagnosed. However, it looks like both currently is diagnosed.
diagnostic criteria / Ejisonkurabu of attention deficit-hyperactivity / attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder by the American Psychiatric Association diagnostic criteria Fifth Edition (DSM-Ⅴ) is AD / people with the HD, and will cheer both suffering from family, teachers - NPO corporation Ejisonkurabu
ADHD is cause features of behavior
goal can not be achieved (run dysfunction)
because executive function, that of the function of human behavior necessary in order to achieve the goal, a variety of There is a classification, but, for example, has the following six areas.
(1) reduce the undesirable behavior and feelings to achieve the targets: remember suppression function
(2) things temporarily little: working memory (working memory)
( 3) to remember how things happened in any flow: context-dependent memory
(4) things smoothly to do a: fluency
(5) a plan for goal achievement, priority be think that it should: planning (planning)
(6) take Torikaka to a new work, switch the feeling: cognitive shifting (flexible switching)
suppression of among this (1) features for ADHD, is important. In other words, not be to suppress the behavior and feelings that must be kept in order of goals, I would do the package and impulsive.
For example, in order to be praised to the teacher during the lesson, but first it is better to speak on a show of hands, If you came up with, and so such as "teacher,! Probably this", said the package you or closed. Alternatively, and in order to befriend friends, I do, but would be difficult to befriend is and I just turned off to friends, would or say immediately ill in a fit of rage.
A review of executive function deficits in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder
Note proposed :( Germany of deficit / hyperactivity pathogenesis research and new intervention method of failure) the National Neurology and Psychiatry medical research Center
do not want to wait a reward (failure of the reward system)
another ADHD problem is the failure of the reward system. In other words, when the reward does not get immediately, or I take a different action, we would Aritsui to reward no more valuable of the other. Because your reward is not only thing, praise and, also said that a reward, such as around the adult attitude.
For example, suppose you get 20 yen tomorrow Once you put up the candy of 10 yen today. However, in the case of ADHD will get out but has been found that get 20 yen Once you become tomorrow, the urge to hand in candy in front of 10 yen eyes. Alternatively, it is said to such as "raise reward tomorrow After Ya' homework", a child with ADHD is lost my motivation and not get the reward immediately after the homework is finished.
Therefore, given the failure of this reward system, support of caregivers is very important to ADHD.
Motivation Deficit in ADHD is Associated with Dysfunction of the Dopamine Reward Pathway
ADHD merger easy symptoms
that ADHD is complicated by other mental disorders is based there is. There is a wide, but it is mainly the following is typical.
autism spectrum disorders
One study in 50 to 60 percent of ADHD is that that there is denied experience to fellow. Trouble of these interpersonal relationships are often seen in autism spectrum disorders.
However, child ADHD because it was supposed to exclude the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (or pervasive developmental disorder, Asperger's syndrome, etc.), with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in the previous diagnostic criteria our inside is, There are also many cases that does not have ADHD and diagnosis.
Thus, although is a state that does not is still comorbid ADHD and autism spectrum disorders out firm data, it seems that in fact quite often. Also, there is a possibility of comorbid for developmental disorders other than autism spectrum disorders.
The Co-Occurrence of Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children -? What Do We Know
oppositional defiant disorder
oppositional defiant disorder, in what it says It is to become rebellious. However, as of conduct disorder of the following, or the illegal or school rules-breaking, not enough or hurt the people.
ADHD is originally difficult to control emotions, I immediately easy or frustrated. Also, which is often scolded by adults from childhood, also becomes likely to be rebellious, self-esteem will be reduced. However, on the other hand, because oppositional defiant disorder, rather than the original development of the ADHD, I often think of adults of reaction was not good, and for himself.
ADHD Comorbidity
conduct disorder
also become a stage of oppositional defiant disorder, and or left alone in addition, it will become a so-called "bad" . This dare was with the name of the disease is a "conduct disorder".
their children do not want is said that developmental disorder, if I think of strong parents who called, and might have become a conduct disorder to one that is overlooked dare. Please by all means give in response as soon as possible.
anxiety disorders and mood disorders
and panic and anxiety is intensified anxiety disorders, mood disorders also many merger to ADHD, such as depression. However, If anything, I feel that it is often the after puberty.
alcohol and drug abuse
of ADHD people the brain has a feature prone to substance addiction. In particular, the striatum of the brain related to the part of "reward system" in the above-mentioned, it's also in part of the brain involved in addiction.
of alcohol is a problem, but I think that's adult, or allowed to education so as not to drink the liquor from childhood, swig a drink in the previous parent of the child I do not have be better to keep quit drinking.
for examination and diagnosis of ADHD is received?
diagnosis of ADHD is often performed by a specialist, but to still nationwide the number of specialists of even less is the status quo. However, if there is no merit to receive a diagnosis even if there are symptoms, it will not may be not particularly diagnostic.
pediatric neurology, visited a child psychiatry
developmental disorders mainly children neurologist of doctors and doctors of child psychiatry is a specialty. I think that it is not that you do not me also received a medical examination by a general pediatrician or psychiatrist, but still it is recommended see a doctor who is familiar with this area. Recently, it is He also teacher that opened if the metropolitan area, also in the General Hospital and the University Hospital there is also a place that is provided with a family that specializes in this field.
facilities are of pediatric neurologist: Japan Pediatric Society of Neurology
Japan Child and Adolescent
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